The following is from
KINSHIP, It’s All Relative
by Jackie Smith Arnold

Lineal descent is a direct or straight line from parent or grandparent to child or grandchild. Lineal ascent is from the self in a straight line to parent or grandparent.

grandparent    Lineal descent      ^

parent                   |                        |

child                     |                        |

grandchild           V              Lineal ascent

Cousins: Cousins share a common grandparent. The degree of cousinship depends upon how the grandparent is shared.

                (AB-1)

(A-2) --- Siblings --- (B-2)

(A-3) ---First Cousins--- (B-3)

(A-4) ---Second Cousins--- (B-4)

(A-5) ---Third Cousins--- (B-5)

(A-6) ---Fourth Cousins--- (B-6)

(A-7) ---Fifth Cousins--- (B-7)

1. Parents
2. Siblings share a parent
3. First Cousins share a grandparent
4. Second Cousins share a great-grandparent
5. Third Cousins share a great-great-grandparent
6. Fourth Cousins share a g-g-g-grandparent
7. Fifth Cousins share a g-g-g-g-grandparent

The REMOVES:   If your first cousin has a child, the child becomes your first cousin once removed. The removed means that a person belongs to a different kindship generation. A first cousin once removed is one generation removed from the source - a first cousin.

Degrees of relationship : The chart of consanguinity (below) shows the DEGREES OF RELATIONSHIP between Self (0) and other relatives. Notice that some relatives have the same degree of relationship to Self. For example, grandnephews/grandnieces (4), first cousins (4), granduncles/grandaunts (4), and great-great-grandparents (4) are all 4 degrees of relationship from Self (or YOU!).